I am a New Hampshire licensed Master Electrician. GFCI protection is only required on NEW construction. If you have an old electrical system and you just keep fixing it and using it there is no requirement that you add GFCI protection.
As has been mentioned the only way to have full protection is to put a large GFCI on the feed from shore. This would be VERY expensive and not required by the National Electric Code. Also this GFCI would be subject to a lot of nuisance tripping. After the the power went out a few times people would be screaming to eliminate the expensive GFCI that is not required by code.
I would never run 120 volt or 240 volt power to my dock and it is not smart to swim around voltages like that. Low voltage lighting is available and is cheap, safe and easy to install. Other than low voltage the only good answer is stay away from electricity when in the water.
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